1. Bolting is a cold Process as such it is done quickly as compared to Riveted Connection.
2. Bolting Operation is Quicker.
3. There is no noise in bolting operation.
4. Less Manpower is required for Bolted Connection.
5. Bolted Connection is more economical.
Following are Steps involved in the design of laterally restrained beam :
1. Calculate the total load .
Total load = dead load + live load + snow load ( if there is any)
2. Calculate the max banding moment ( M) & also the max shear force developed (V).
3. Find out the required section modulus Z(x-x).
when Z(x-x) = M / F(b)
when F(b) = Permissible bending stress assumed = 165 N / mm2.
4. From the steel tables, select a suitable section having modulus Z(x-x) slightly more than required in step 3.
5. Check the steel beam for shear stress and actual shear stress developed should not exceed the permissible shear stress = 100 N /mm2.
6. Check the steel beam for deflection. The max deflection due to applied loads should not be more than Span / 325.
If the actual deflection developed is more than the permissible limit, select another section so that moment of inertia of new section is more than section selected in step 4 and simultaneously check the Z (x-x) of the new section is more than Z (x-x) required in step 3.
Physical Properties of Steel are as follow :
1. Unit Weight of Steel = 78500 N/m3
2. E = Young's Modulus of elasticity = 2 X 10^5 N/mm2
3. G = Modulus of Rigidity = 0.768 X 10^5 N/mm2
4. Coefficient of thermal expansion or contraction = 12 X 10^-6/ deg Celsius
5. Poisson Ration = 0.3